A study on the Utilization and Satisfaction of Commercially available Lunchbox by Dietary Lifestyle / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Methods@#A total of 600 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do answered a self-administered questionnaire designed to investigate general characteristics, utilization, menu preference, satisfaction, prospection, and improvement of lunchbox, according to the dietary lifestyle. @*Results@#The study subjects were classified into 5 groups: ‘taste seeking group’, ‘safety seeking group’, ‘health seeking group’, ‘economic seeking group’ and ‘convenience seeking group. Considering purchase value of the lunchbox, the ‘taste seeking group’ had a high utilization rate (35.1%) for prices less than 4,000 won (p < 0.05). Lunchboxes were mainly purchased at the lunchbox store (43.3%) and convenience store (37.7%). The important factor that contributed to purchasing a lunchbox was taste (61.3%), which was highest in the ‘taste seeking group’ (p < 0.01). The ‘health seeking group’ showed the highest preference for the low-salt diet lunchbox menu (26.0%) (p < 0.05). The satisfaction of ‘health seeking groups’ was lowest when considering addition of condiments (2.34%), origin of ingredient (2.59%), and provided calorie (2.81%) (p < 0.05). The overall response indicated future use of the lunchbox (69.6%) (p < 0.01); 35.8% respondents recommended the purchase of lunchbox, where convenience of purchase was the highest factor contributing to recommendation (50.2%) (p < 0.05). @*Conclusions@#Taken together, our results indicate that taste was emphasized in every group purchasing the lunch box. Convenience of purchase was the highest factor contributing to satisfaction, which was relatively low when considering addition of condiments, nutrition and origin of ingredients. We propose that it is necessary to improve the development of various menus for increasing satisfaction by selecting the right ingredients contributing to good health of the consumer.

Recognition and Propagation for Temple Food among University Students with Food-related Majors / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the perspective and popularization of temple food among university students with food related majors, and to provide basic data for the popularization and the fostering of professional lecture in temple food. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 453 university students at six universities with food related majors. The questionnaire was designed to examine interest, recognition, consumption, popularization and curriculum of temple food. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 19.2% men, and 80.8% women, and the most common response to desired career after graduation was food related employment (53.9%). Overall, 49.0% replied that they had an interest in temple food, which was relatively low. 59.9% of respondents who had been known throw TV, Internet, newspaper, and magazines about temple food were showed the highest results. Additionally, as for the perception of temple food, ‘Prevention of lifestyle related disease’ was the highest score (4.10). Overall, 64.9% of the subjects had not tried temple food, and 84.7% of these responded that this was because they had not encountered temple food. Among subjects who had tried temple food, most had encountered it at a temple (73.0%), and 78.0% replied that the taste of temple food was suitable. The intention to try temple food was 73.3%, and 64.8% of respondents said there was a necessity to establishment curriculum regarding temple food. Finally, interest, popularization, and intention to try temple food were significantly positively corelated. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed high interest in temple food and willingness to participate in education regarding temple food, as well as awareness of the need for popularization. Therefore, it is necessary to increase intake opportunities to raise interest in temple foods. This can be accomplished utilizing publicity materials, as well as by offering opportunities for temple food education through curriculum.

Compare the Intracranial Pressure Trend after the Decompressive Craniectomy between Massive Intracerebral Hemorrhagic and Major Ischemic Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE: Massive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and major infarction (MI) are devastating cerebral vascular diseases. Decompression craniectomy (DC) is a common treatment approach for these diseases and acceptable clinical results have been reported. Author experienced the postoperative intracranaial pressure (ICP) trend is somewhat different between the ICH and MI patients. In this study, we compare the ICP trend following DC and evaluate the clinical significance.METHODS: One hundred forty-three patients who underwent DC following massive ICH (81 cases) or MI (62 cases) were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 56.3±14.3 (median=57, male : female=89 : 54). DC was applied using consistent criteria in both diseases patients; Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score less than 8 and a midline shift more than 6 mm on brain computed tomography. In all patients, ventricular puncture was done before the DC and ICP trends were monitored during and after the surgery. Outcome comparisons included the ictus to operation time (OP-time), postoperative ICP trend, favorable outcomes and mortality.RESULTS: Initial GCS (p=0.364) and initial ventricular ICP (p=0.783) were similar among the ICH and MI patients. The postoperative ICP of ICH patients were drop rapidly and maintained within physiological range if greater than 80% of the hematoma was removed. While in MI patients, the postoperative ICP were not drop rapidly and maintained above the physiologic range (MI=18.8 vs. ICH=13.6 mmHg, p=0.000). The OP-times were faster in ICH patients (ICH=7.3 vs. MI=40.9 hours, p=0.000) and the mortality rate was higher in MI patients (MI=37.1% vs. ICH=17.3%, p=0.007).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that if greater than 80% of the hematoma was removed in ICH patients, the postoperative ICP rarely over the physiologic range. But in MI patients, the postoperative ICP was above the physiologic range for several days after the DC. Authors propose that DC is no need for the massive ICH patient if a significant portion of their hematoma is removed. But DC might be essential to improve the MI patients’ outcome and timely treatment decision.

Compare the Intracranial Pressure Trend after the Decompressive Craniectomy between Massive Intracerebral Hemorrhagic and Major Ischemic Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE: Massive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and major infarction (MI) are devastating cerebral vascular diseases. Decompression craniectomy (DC) is a common treatment approach for these diseases and acceptable clinical results have been reported. Author experienced the postoperative intracranaial pressure (ICP) trend is somewhat different between the ICH and MI patients. In this study, we compare the ICP trend following DC and evaluate the clinical significance. METHODS: One hundred forty-three patients who underwent DC following massive ICH (81 cases) or MI (62 cases) were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 56.3±14.3 (median=57, male : female=89 : 54). DC was applied using consistent criteria in both diseases patients; Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score less than 8 and a midline shift more than 6 mm on brain computed tomography. In all patients, ventricular puncture was done before the DC and ICP trends were monitored during and after the surgery. Outcome comparisons included the ictus to operation time (OP-time), postoperative ICP trend, favorable outcomes and mortality. RESULTS: Initial GCS (p=0.364) and initial ventricular ICP (p=0.783) were similar among the ICH and MI patients. The postoperative ICP of ICH patients were drop rapidly and maintained within physiological range if greater than 80% of the hematoma was removed. While in MI patients, the postoperative ICP were not drop rapidly and maintained above the physiologic range (MI=18.8 vs. ICH=13.6 mmHg, p=0.000). The OP-times were faster in ICH patients (ICH=7.3 vs. MI=40.9 hours, p=0.000) and the mortality rate was higher in MI patients (MI=37.1% vs. ICH=17.3%, p=0.007). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that if greater than 80% of the hematoma was removed in ICH patients, the postoperative ICP rarely over the physiologic range. But in MI patients, the postoperative ICP was above the physiologic range for several days after the DC. Authors propose that DC is no need for the massive ICH patient if a significant portion of their hematoma is removed. But DC might be essential to improve the MI patients’ outcome and timely treatment decision.

Recognition and Propagation for Temple Food among University Students with Food-related Majors / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the perspective and popularization of temple food among university students with food related majors, and to provide basic data for the popularization and the fostering of professional lecture in temple food. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 453 university students at six universities with food related majors. The questionnaire was designed to examine interest, recognition, consumption, popularization and curriculum of temple food. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 19.2% men, and 80.8% women, and the most common response to desired career after graduation was food related employment (53.9%). Overall, 49.0% replied that they had an interest in temple food, which was relatively low. 59.9% of respondents who had been known throw TV, Internet, newspaper, and magazines about temple food were showed the highest results. Additionally, as for the perception of temple food, ‘Prevention of lifestyle related disease’ was the highest score (4.10). Overall, 64.9% of the subjects had not tried temple food, and 84.7% of these responded that this was because they had not encountered temple food. Among subjects who had tried temple food, most had encountered it at a temple (73.0%), and 78.0% replied that the taste of temple food was suitable. The intention to try temple food was 73.3%, and 64.8% of respondents said there was a necessity to establishment curriculum regarding temple food. Finally, interest, popularization, and intention to try temple food were significantly positively corelated. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed high interest in temple food and willingness to participate in education regarding temple food, as well as awareness of the need for popularization. Therefore, it is necessary to increase intake opportunities to raise interest in temple foods. This can be accomplished utilizing publicity materials, as well as by offering opportunities for temple food education through curriculum.

Double Stent Assist Coiling of Ruptured Large Saccular Aneurysm in Proximal Basilar Artery Fenestration

Basilar artery fenestration is infrequent and even rarer in association with a large aneurysm. With proximity to brain stem and vital perforators, endovascular coiling can be considered first. If the large ruptured aneurysm with a wide neck originated from fenestra of the proximal basilar artery and the fenestration loop has branches of posterior circulation, therapeutic consideration should be thorough and fractionized. We report endovascular therapeutic details for a case of a ruptured large saccular aneurysm in proximal basilar artery fenestration.

Polyetheretherketone Cage filled with Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate versus Autogenous Tricortical Iliac Bone Graft in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and radiologic results of two graft materials for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with rigid plate fixation for cervical spinal disorder. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients treated with single-level ACDF with rigid plate fixation were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into twogroups: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) in Group A (n=15); and autogenous tricortical iliac bone graft in group B (n=13). The average follow-up durations were 16.3 months and 19.90 months for group A and group B, respectively. Clinical outcomes were graded using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and neck disability index (NDI). Interbody height, segmental kyphotic angle and overall kyphotic angle were used as parameters to evaluate radiographic change in the 2 treatment groups. RESULTS: Clinically, VAS scores and NDI significantly improved after the surgery in both groups (p0.05). The fusion rates after 12 months in group A and B were 93.3% and 100%, respectively. One case of cage subsidence which resulted in pseudoarthrosis occurred in group A. However, statistical analysis did not show difference in fusion rate between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: ACDF using PEEK cage filled with alpha-TCP showed comparable clinical and radiologic results with the standard of autogenous iliac bone graft. However, pseudoarthrosis did occur even with rigid plate and screw fixation in ACDF using PEEK cage filled with beta-TCP. There is high likelihood of emerging pseudoarthrosis, especially when there is a sign of chronic and progressive cage subsidence.

Stem cells: general information and perspectives

We are now in the middle of stem cell war. Each country is trying to invest a large amount of funds into stem cell research. This is due to a potentiality of stem cells. Stem cells are capable of proliferating in an undifferentiated manner and are able to differentiate into a desired cell lineage under certain conditions. These abilities make stem cells an appealing source for cell replacement therapies (regenerative medicine), the study of developmental biology and drug/toxin screening. In addition to embryonic and adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been recently generated through reprogramming from adult tissue cells such as fibroblasts. This technique has opened up new avenues to generate patient- and disease-specific pluripotent stem cells. Human iPS cells may be useful for gaining valuable insight into the pathophysiology of disease, as well as for discovering for new prognostic biomarkers and drug screening. Moreover, the iPS cell technology may play a major role in immune-matched clinical application in the future. In this chapter, we introduce general characteristics of various stem cells, clinical application of stem cells and future perspectives.

Hemorrhagic Complications Induced by External Ventricular Draining Catheters / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

BACKGROUND: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most frequently performed operative procedures in neurosurgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent EVD to determine the incidence rate of post-procedural intracranial hemorrhage and to identify underlying risk factors. METHODS: Patients who underwent EVD between January 2003 and January 2011 were selected. Catheter-induced hemorrhage (CIH) was defined as any evidence of new hemorrhage on the post-procedural computerized tomography (CT) scan obtained within 24 hours of catheter insertion. The rate of hemorrhage was calculated, and the possible risk factors were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The data of 229 patients were analyzed. Twenty-one patients developed CIH, for an incidence rate of 9.17%. The factors that increased the rate of CIH were age > or =60 years, bilateral catheter insertion, and pre-existing heart disease. The patients > or =60 years of age had a 2.8-fold increased risk of CIH. A history of heart disease contributed to a 20-fold increased risk of CIH (p or =60 years, bilateral catheter insertion, and a history of heart disease are the three most significant risk factors for CIH. Since these risk factors are not modifiable, all possible contributors should be considered to minimize the risk such as skilled maneuvers and techniques or high blood pressure.

Hemorrhagic Complications Induced by External Ventricular Draining Catheters / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

BACKGROUND: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most frequently performed operative procedures in neurosurgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent EVD to determine the incidence rate of post-procedural intracranial hemorrhage and to identify underlying risk factors. METHODS: Patients who underwent EVD between January 2003 and January 2011 were selected. Catheter-induced hemorrhage (CIH) was defined as any evidence of new hemorrhage on the post-procedural computerized tomography (CT) scan obtained within 24 hours of catheter insertion. The rate of hemorrhage was calculated, and the possible risk factors were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The data of 229 patients were analyzed. Twenty-one patients developed CIH, for an incidence rate of 9.17%. The factors that increased the rate of CIH were age > or =60 years, bilateral catheter insertion, and pre-existing heart disease. The patients > or =60 years of age had a 2.8-fold increased risk of CIH. A history of heart disease contributed to a 20-fold increased risk of CIH (p or =60 years, bilateral catheter insertion, and a history of heart disease are the three most significant risk factors for CIH. Since these risk factors are not modifiable, all possible contributors should be considered to minimize the risk such as skilled maneuvers and techniques or high blood pressure.

Follow-up in Adult after Total Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

PURPOSE: This study was performed to find the chief clinical problems associated with the ages of adult patients of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) who had undergone total correction. METHODS: Of the 30 patients who were registered at the Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH) Clinic of Samsung Medical Center for TOF, a retrospective investigation was carried out on 28 patients who underwent total correction. RESULTS: Mean age at retrospective study was 30.8(range : 16-53) years old. Age at total correction was 15.8(range : 2-49) years old. Problems after corrective surgery were assessed. They were arrhythmia, pulmonary valve regurgitation, left pulmonary artery stenosis, residual ventricular septal defect, mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, right ventricle outflow tract obstruction, aortic valve regurgitation, infective endocarditis and protein losing enteropathy. After repair of TOF, such arrhythmias as atrial arrhythmia and AV conduction disturbances were observed in some patients. Cardiomegaly was found significantly in the subjects with arrhythmia(P<0.05), and arrhythmia was less observed in patients who underwent surgery at a young age. Eight patients required a reoperation; the main indications were residual ventricular septal defect, right ventricle outflow tract obstruction and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients seemed to live normal lives after Tetralogy of Fallot repair. However, as residual anatomic and functional abnormalities exist postoperatively, continued careful follow-up is needed to detect and correct structural and functional abnormalities.